ONDCP: What You Need To Know About Drug Testing in Schools
Knížka přináší pohled ze Spojených států na kontroverzní téma školního testování dětí a mládeže na užití ilegálních drog. Materiál přináší odpověď na otázky, co by měli vědět žáci, rodiče a učitelé před tím, než přistoupíme k testování. Důležitou je otázka, co vám testy řeknou o užití drog, ale také, jaké limity samotného testování.
Introduction
It is an important question, and ultimately one best left to parents, teachers, and school administrators. There is no single right or wrong answer, no "one size fits all" solution. A decision in June 2002 by the U.S. Supreme Court expands the authority of public schools to test students for drugs. Still, it is up to individual communities and schools to decide if drugs are a significant threat, and if testing is an appropriate response.
The question of whether to test students for drugs or alcohol should never be taken lightly. It involves myriad complex issues that must be fully understood and carefully weighed before testing begins. The Office of National Drug Control Policy has put together What You Need To Know About Drug Testing in Schools to shed light and offer perspective on this multifaceted and sometimes controversial topic. Our aim is to provide anyone who is considering a drug-testing program in his or her community with a broad understanding of the issue and solid, up-to-date information on which to base a decision.
Included in this booklet are answers to questions that students, parents, school officials, and other concerned individuals might have about the process. It explains, generally, what drug testing is all about, who pays for it, who does the testing, what it tells you about an individual´s drug use, and, equally important, what it does not tell you. The booklet describes what services should be in place for communities to deal effectively with students who test positive for drugs, and it also offers case histories (pages 3 and 12) showing how several schools used testing to address their drug problems. Their experiences may help others determine whether testing is right for their communities.
Brožuru si můžete stáhnout v plném znění níže.
| Ke stažení | ||
|---|---|---|
 | What You Need To Know About Drug Testing In Schools.pdf | |
Přehled dalších článků
Oxycontin
OXYCONTIN: Analgetikum – anodynum
- učinná látka oxykodon, tableta s prodlouženým uvolňováním, min. 8hod. intervaly
- SÚKL: https://prehledy.sukl.cz/prehledy/v1/dokumenty/66925
OxyContin abusers often chew the tablets or crush the tablets and snort the powder. Because oxycodone is water soluble, crushed tablets can be dissolved in water and the solution injected. The latter two methods lead to the rapid release and absorption of oxycodone.
Oxycodone vs. OxyContin: OxyContin is a brand-name version of the extended-release form of oxycodone....
Oxykodon je v per os podobě s rychlým i řízeným uvolňováním. U řízeného uvolňování je počáteční dávka obvykle 20 mg po 12 hodinách. Nástup účinku je kolem 2 hodin
K dispozici je také kombinovaný přípravek v podobě oxykodon + naloxon, který je výhodný pro pacienty s úpornou zácpou...
"Opiátová krize v USA" – příběh Purdue Pharma
Firma, kterou vlastní rodina Sacklerových, je kvůli OxyContinu předmětem tisíců žalob. OxyContin byl podle nich v USA jedním ze spouštěčů tzv. opioidové krize, která stála od roku 1999 životy až půl milionu lidí.
• Léky s opiáty zabily až půl milionu lidí. Firma platí miliardy a bankrotuje
• Seznamte se, Sacklerovi. Léky miliardářů spustily epidemii, která zabíjí více lidí než zbraně
• Sága rodu Sacklerů aneb Vítězství hamižnosti - monografie Příběhy spojené s objevy nových léčiv (Stanislav Rádl, VŠCHT, 2023) - Blíží se pokrok v boji proti zneužívání opiátů? (2024)
• Seriál Netflixu: Painkiller, 2023
Praxe
• Austrálie 2024
Wastewater-based evaluation of the efficacy of oxycodone regulations in Australia
Prescription changes lead to drop in oxycodone use
use of the opioid oxycodone in Australia almost halved after changes to packaging and prescribing practices in 2019; by reducing package size, adding warnings to packaging and educating health professionals
• Warnings over opioid use spook EU countries into action
• USA: Evidence on Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Epidemic (2017) - 100+ zdrojů !
• The Evolving Consequences of OxyContin Reformulation on Drug Overdoses (2020)
there was a transition from consumers seeking legally produced synthetic opioids (i.e. oxycodone) to seeking illegally manufactured heroin. This was attributed, in part, to the reformulation of oxycodone, which made it difficult to crush or dissolve
• Measuring prescription opioid misuse and its consequences (2021)
Decrease in past‐month prescription opioid misuse and increase in heroin use among people entering treatment for treatment misuse
Oxycodone and Hydrocodone: Detection in Urine, Oral Fluid, and Blood (SAMSHA 2014)
"Léčba"
Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments (2023, +correction): kap. Vaccines to Treat Opioid Use Disorders
Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of antibodies generated by a vaccine to treat oxycodone use disorder (2021) - oxycodone vaccine currently undergoing clinical testing
A Multifaceted Analysis of Oxycodone Addiction
An Exploratory Study of OxyContin Use Among Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Changing patterns in opioid addiction - Characterizing users of oxycodone and other opioids (2009)
Evropa a syntetické opiáty
• EUDA: Currently, synthetic opioids play a relatively small role in the drug market in Europe overall, but they are a significant problem in some countries, and there are signals that they could have the potential to play a larger role in Europe’s drug problems in the future. In 2023, new synthetic opioids were detected by the EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances in at least 16 EU Member States, Norway and Türkiye (see New psychoactive substances – the current situation in Europe).
• The looming threat of synthetic opioids in Europe?
• Monitoring Opioids in Europe: The Need for Shared Definitions and Measuring Drivers of Opioid Use and Related Harm (2022)
-increasing trends in prescription opioid use have been described for several European countries, including Germany [35], France [36], the United Kingdom [37], Spain [38], Poland [39], and the Netherlands [40]
(https://www.politico.eu/article/spains-cautionary-tale-on-painkillers/)
• Synthetic opioids in Poland—A cause for concern or a media distraction? (2024)
- although Polish physicians are increasingly more likely to prescribe synthetic opioids like OxyContin or Fentanyl, their problematic use remains low.
- synthetic opioids in Europe are often not sold under their brand names, but are used as adulterants to enhance the perceived quality of heroin
„NABÍDKA“
https://www.mimibazar.cz/inzerat/104882808/originalni-leky-na-prodej-oxycontin
https://www.motoinzerce.cz/dily/ruzne-dily/1151175-neurol-1mg-oxykodon-80mg-ketamin-rivotril-2mg-na-prodej.html
https://globalmedsonlineinc.com/product/pain-killers/oxycodone/
